What are the meaning of Vdd and Vss? Vcc and Vee?? GND?

It has always been a bit intriguing and even confusing the nomenclature of these power voltages (Vdd and Vss) or (Vcc and Vee).

The following pictures are worth a thousand words…

Nowadays it is always used Vdd and Vss to refer to the positive and negative voltage respectively.  Vdd is normally was used to be 5V but nowadays is 3.3V or even lower 1.8V or 1.2V. Vss is referred to be zero volts.

But I was taught, in the high school and during my first years of electronics, that Vcc is the positive voltage (usually 5 volts) but when we get to some circuits we find pins Vdd, Vss and Vdd. Maybe many have not been intrigued by this but if you are reading this probably yes. So let’s continue:

What is the nomenclature?

This depends on the type of transistors that the electronic device has internally the microchip, circuit or microcontroller.

If internally formed by bipolar transistors (BJT), then the nomenclature is:
–Vcc for being the voltage applied to the Collector of the transistors
–Vee for being the voltage applied to the transistor Emitter leg

If internally built by Field Effect Transistors (FET, MOSFET), the nomenclature is:
–Vss for being the voltage applied to the transistor Source pin
–Vdd for being the voltage applied to the Drain of the transistors

So what is the polarity of each one?

Because NPN and NMOS transistors are used as a reference:
Vcc and Vdd are positive power voltages
Vee and Vss are Negative power voltages or are connected to ground.

I hope this will be useful to you!